You do not receive Mastery 6 on the champion after playing two games receiving an S- or higher, you receive tokens in order to level up its mastery. Two tokens are required and you need BE or a Champion Shard for the champion to unlock Mastery 6. Check your Hextech Loot for your Mastery Tokens.
Do it in a normal/ranked Summoner's Rift game. You can only get tokens from there. Nexus Blitz and other modes do not count. Stupid, I know but them's the rules.