Unfortunately these types of players and games happen but there are a couple things that you can do to help and to keep in mind.
First and foremost: Play to your best and get really good with a couple champions in your main role, and know at least one, preferably rarely banned, champion in other roles. Learn them inside out. Learn common matchups, character specific tech, how to item build against different enemy compositions, when your power spikes are, etc.
Second: Communication is great and good on you for trying to communicate! Sometimes though, players simply won't want to communicate, follow a call, or just have everyone muted. Communicate as needed with pings, without spamming, to help communicate major stuff, but in general I would say don't try to dictate a playstyle, just objectives or engages if you are the one engaging. Keep vision down as much as possible and have good minimap vision. If you see an enemy on a ward going to gank, a combination of "Danger!" ping on the enemy and "Retreat" or "Danger" ping on the lane it looks like they are going to can save a life and can quickly get the point across to your fellow teammates. This is all done without saying a word.
Third: Try your best not to get tilted by non-verbal teammates, toxic players, or afks. This sounds tough to do but everything will even out over time, and actually end up benefitting you in the long run. You can figure this out by doing some math. There are 9 players in the game you have no control over whatsoever. You can control yourself and how you react/play but can't do anything about anyone else if they rage/afk/feed/etc. If you assume that any of the other 9 players have an equal chance of being a negative experience on your game, the enemy team has a 5 in 9 chance, or roughly 55% chance, to be the one with a negative player. That leaves your team with just a 45% chance to have a negative experience with teammates. To clarify here, Im not talking about bad games; everyone has them. Im talking about players that are just toxic, AFK, or intentionally feeding. Going back to the math though: If you have 100 games with negative players in it, theoretically you will have 10 more games where you benefit from the toxic behavior than vice versa. People tend to have a negativity bias and therefore focus on when things go wrong on their team rather than on the enemy team. When I did the math and realized that in the long run, things would generally benefit me I was able to deal with the annoyances and toxicity a lot more easily.
Fourth: Self-centered critiques and praise after each game. When I was struggling with climbing the ladder I decided to start a blog and log each game. I did things like list out the team compositions for both my team and theirs, write a brief summary of the game, and then list three things I did well and three things I did poorly. I did NOT critique my teammates or blame them for anything that went wrong. This was purely self-reflection. If I died quite a bit to ganks, I may have put down I needed to ward better or have more map awareness. If I won lane hard after abusing my power spikes I wrote that down as a positive. If I thought my teamfight positioning was good I wrote that down as a positive as well, and did the opposite if my positioning was poor.
Hopefully all these help. Best of luck man.