I'm not sure precisely what you mean by the title, but judging by the last part of the paragraph, I'm going to guess you're looking for info about two things;
- The Punishment Tiers
- Punishment De-escalation
Punishment Tiers
As implied, the punishment tiers are a ladder of increasingly severe punishments issued for continuous misbehavior. Breaking the rules consistently or severely enough will net you a punishment, and in general, the system follows some basic rules of progression for punishment tiers. Starting with the most basic progression;
- 10-Game Chat Restriction
- 25-Game Chat Restriction
- 14-Day Ban
- Permanent Ban
Assuming that your misbehavior is frequent and at least low-key to moderate (taking longer for more modest offenses, like defeatism), you'll progress down the ladder as shown above. More severe misbehavior will push you through the tiers quicker, while less disruptive/aggressive behaviors will push you along a bit slower.
However, the first two tiers can be skipped, provided the use of hate speech (racial/homophobic slurs, disability-based insults, etc.) or encouragements of self-harm, resulting in a progression of 14-day ban > permaban; and, further still, it is possible to jump to a permanent suspension out of the gate for issuing death threats.
Additionally, while Gameplay misbehavior isn't quite as well-detected as chat misbehavior, it has its own punishment track, which seems to be separate from that of the chat tiers. Since chat restrictions wouldn't suffice for gameplay related punishments, trolling/intentionally feeding merits a 14-day suspension on the first offense, then a permanent ban afterwards.
Punishment De-escalation
This is generally a subject that can only be spoken of vaguely, since we have no real concrete details about how the system de-escalates players through the punishment tiers. We only know that through continuous play and neutral behavior (roughly 4-6 months~ worth of games), you can go down a tier in the punishment ladder.
So, from a 14-day suspension, if one plays frequently enough without validating reports made against them, they can wind up back at the 25-game CR tier, where their next instance of misbehavior will either result in or push them closer towards another 14-day suspension.
And, bear in mind; it is 4~ months worth of games; one has to play to show their reform, and abandoning your account for however long will not reduce your account's risk of punishment. Playing consistently and showing at least neutral behavior (not validating reports) is the only way to de-escalate through the punishment tiers.
Other things worth noting;
- The 14-day ban is pretty much the "point of no return", and any further misbehavior will almost certainly result in your account being permanently banned.
- There are a lot of general options for you to regain standing, but as mentioned above, the bare minimum requirement is frequent play and not validating reports. Without any real information about de-escalation, I can't say that showing positive behavior will directly help - but it certainly wouldn't hurt, either.
- Failing that, there are a lot of self-control tricks that could potentially help. From swearing aloud, breathing exercises, jamming out to music, to even ostensibly bullshit "tricks" like drinking water, eating, or changing clothes, there's doubtless gonna be something that should help improve mood or maintain restraint.
Hopefully I addressed what you wanted to know about the system, though if not, feel free to clarify what I may have missed, and if you want me to try and more thoroughly explain something I brought up, you're certainly free to ask.