Literally if four people report you get a punishment.
Literally untrue. Riot Tantram has openly shown the code detailing how reports trigger a review, and it shows that if four people report you, you get reviewed. If one person reports you, you get reviewed. If literally any number of people report you, you get reviewed.
This review does not automatically ensure a punishment.
Regardless of whether you violated terms of service.
If you didn't violate the ToU or break the Summoner's Code, you won't get punished.
I've proven it by 4 man reporting someone who lost a lane and didn't do anything wrong but we all clicked the same report and got a notification that we'd gotten someone punished within minutes.
An anecdote with no real content is not proof. You're saying "I know it happens because I did it once and it worked, I swear".
It just happened to me, with a 4 man premade that decided to flame me for asking for a gank.
Yeah, and I'm certain the chat logs you were provided in your reform card can show that you didn't break the rules in any way, shape, or form.
Provide the full, unedited chat logs (or match history link, if the punishment was for trolling/intentionally feeding), and we'll see whether or not the punishment was warranted.