Internet Anonymity + Children online = Bad combination and a bunch of jerks online who are most likely expressing the frustrations that they are going through in real life towards another person.
Think of it this way: League is the MOBA version of Call of Duty. You have a bunch of players aged 13-17 as the majority audience, a lot of them are most likely gamers, and gamers tend to be the outcasts or unpopular kids who get bullied a lot in school. I was one of those type of people who got bullied a lot in school for playing video games, instead of playing football, or something. But, I didn't really play with other people, and mainly played SP games.
Their frustrations about real life + having absolutely no repercussions when harassing someone else = Toxic League of Legends community members.
Pretty much what I mentioned the first time, which I know for sure not many members of this community will enjoy me equating them to: League of Legends IS the MOBA version of Call of Duty. You have your elitists, you have your "pros", you have your jerks who like to ruin other peoples' days, you have the Youtuber, the streamer, and then you have the seeming minority of players who seem like they are decent people to talk to in real life. Then, you have the majority who don't communicate with the minority who do represent the community.
And, it will never get better. The community will only get worse the more popular it gets. The more people you attract to a game, the bigger it gets, and unfortunately, the more bad rep it gets from the community as a result. That's why you have games like WoW, League, Call of Duty, Pretty much the FGC, CSGO, etc, which all seem to have the reputation for having some of the worst communities to be in.
Shortened version: Gamer Kids <18 + Online interaction with others = Recipe for community disaster and a terrible cake to have.