I been able to climb out of Bronze consistently over the past two seasons. My advice is to get any notions team play out of your head. The vast majority of Bronze and Silver players are feeding dumbshits that can't even wipe their own ass. You should have one goal and one goal alone, to hard carry as many games as possible. Every game in Bronze, I aim to go 20-2 and be this unstoppable force of nature that nukes everything in sight.
Now it's important to understand that you will not be able to do this every game and many times you will be that feeding dumbshit. Sometimes, several games in a row. However, you can learn to consistently do it, enough so to net you up to a 55% win rate which would easily place you in Silver in a short period of time.
Now like everything else in life, you need to practice this. But how do you practice going 20-2 consistently. Well, you need to practice a core set of skills for this and I'll tell you what they and how to practice it.
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Firstly, play as few champions as possible. This is the most important thing. The reason for this is that champions are very very distinct. They have different powerspikes, different styles of play etc. You can't learn them all to a proficient degree without committing an ungodly amount of time. Streamers and pros can do that, not us. We have lives.
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Second most important thing. Stop fucking feeding. Every game where you die more than 5 times, I want you to consider that a personal failure. Now it's important to understand that you will NEVER EVER reach a point where you will never feed that much. There will always be games where you go 1-9, no matter how good you get. What you can do however, is not do that every second game. There is no excuse for going 1-9 or 0-7 four games in a row. And also, NEVER EVER blame ANY of your deaths on your team, not even your absentee jungler. Every single death is your fault 100%. Get that "it's my jungle's fault" shit out of you mind. While going 1-9 over the course of an entire game is not something you can avoid completely every single game you play, going like 0-4 during the laning phase should NEVER EVER happen. If you go 0-4 in lane, you have done something very very wrong and should fix that ASAP. And again, it's not your team's fault. And stop following up on idiotic plays made by your team. Don't follow your team mates into a 2v4. Let those morons die. They will flame but fuck them. You want to win.
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Third most important thing, farming. Whatever champion or champions you choose, learn to farm with them. Aim for 7+ CS/min every single game. The only exception to this is if you're a support main. Farming works exceptionally well in Bronze because Bronze players can't farm for shit and if you're good at it, you will be consistently stronger than the enemy, even if they are moderately fed. This is essential to that dream of going 20-2. When you're farmed up and skirmishes start happening, there is a much higher chance that you will walk away with some kills, which will get that snowball started. The recent bounty changes have even made it easier to hard carry games.
One final thought. There will be a lot of games where you just cannot win, no matter how well you do. There are teams that are just too heavy to carry. Expect that and expect quite a fair bit of it. It can't be helped. FF and move on.
So there you have it. The recipe for getting out of Bronze. Good luck.