Technically, yes. You do risk it, but it is a minor risk. The risk of being punished over saying "report" is less than the risk of being punished over calling someone "noob". Which is laughable considering not long ago, an official LoL message welcomed all players by calling them "noob".
The risk is slight because requesting to have players reported in all chat is a common practice in game. It is very frequent and it's perpetuated by the false idea that 9 reports is greater than 1 report. When, in fact, it requires only 1 report to have a player's performance and chat in a game analyzed by the automated system. And only the report that flagged the punishment will issue the player who submitted the report the notification that a player reported was punished.
To avoid the risk altogether; instead of requesting opponents report a player, you could, instead, politely inform your opponents what it is that the offending player is doing to disrupt the game as long as it isn't something chat-related. It incentivizes players more to submit authentic reports when their opponents explain the situation because rather than saying, report, report, the opposing team is given perspective on a situation similar or identical to their past experiences. And that will give them the idea to report the offender. Not that additional reports are necessary, but if you happen to be losing over a griefer or troll then some sympathy from the opposing team might help lessen the pain at least.
As for verbal abuse, it is only global if the offender uses all chat to do so. At which point, there's no need for you or anyone to inform the opponents in all chat. Let said idiot dig their own grave, hop inside of it, pour gasoline on themselves, and leave plenty of matches above for whoever wants to see them burn.