I've seen a lot about these bots lately. Unfortunately, they work like a macro for the most part. You script them to do something and (afaik) they control your keyboard and mouse.
The problem with that as opposed to a bot that actually connects to the server itself, is that it's much harder to detect. It's hard to take things like "click speed" into account, when simple lag could cause packets to get backed up and received close together, giving off the same effect as if certain buttons were clicked very fast and close together.
In any case, there are some measures that can be taken to deal with this. One of them I think would be helpful, personally, would be to have a category in the drop-down list of the report-player box for "Suspicious Player" or "Potential Botter" or something along those lines, which would allow games to be marked appropriately so they could be looked at by the tribunal or Riot staff. Hopefully Riot makes a decision regarding this in the near future, since the occurrence of these programs in normals has gotten more frequent, so they probably are running in ranked at some tiers.