I think in normals this makes sense. In ranked I maybe feel a little bad, but will punish anything I can bc it's ranked and it should be played as much to win as possible. That being said, the only time I really feel bad is if it's something they play a lot. I have a second account from leveling up w/ a friend who joined the game after me, so once I hit gold on the first (I'm not good, but it's a decent improvement from bronze and being out of practice at the start of the season) I started playing the second to practice stuff and get end of season rewards on both accounts. I always list my main on the options of stuff I'm considering for top/mid and ask my team what they want me to play. It's surprising how seldom they ask me to play my main, and so sometimes I'm playing something I don't know well and I get shit on in lane, and I would expect the opponent to not feel bad at all, bc I probably just played the match up wrong or did something stupid, and yeah it sucks, but I learn something, and unless it's way higher elo than where I play, one lane struggling won't make the game impossible to win.
Ironically the last game I had this issue was a Yas who crushed me lol. Team told me to play ziggs instead of heimer bc yas is a bad match up for heimer, and I just struggled w/ being able to manage poke and Yas shield in lane. God it was bad. Game was still something that could have been won if we played objectives better. We won a few big team fights, but overstayed and got picked a few times.