I regularly see people get 14 day and permabans for telling others to kill themselves, or saying anything similar.
False reports will end up lowering your report weight, and your reports may eventually not do anything.
Griefing your team is a bannable offense as well, however, many subtle ways of trolling are difficult to detect and/or prove malicious intent. Enough reports can create a pattern for the system to notice so that they are looked at, manually if need be. Do note that differences in opinion on what you should do is not a reportable offense; if you were left to die, more often than not the one that left you just felt like it was more advantageous to ensure that at least one of you survived. Again, the actual intent is very difficult to prove.
Lobbying for reports or otherwise threatening with reports is a punishable offense, and I have seen many people punished for doing it. It's one of the most common negative behaviors I see in reform cards people post here, actually. Even if they get all 8 other players to join in on reporting you, all it can do is trigger a review of your behavior; if you've done nothing wrong, the reports will not hurt you, and you won't get punished just for one game of general negative behavior anyway.
I recommend you reading the chat logs punished players post on the Player Behavior & Moderation board. You will see that the behavior you claim doesn't get punished actually does. I understand that when you see it enough you feel like they all do it all the time and don't get punished, but a few games of negative behavior doesn't mean a player should get punished; if they are like that consistently, then your report will definitely contribute to getting them punished, if not now, later.
This post is most appropriate in PB&M but Misc. is fine if you're not sure where to put it. If you wish to discuss your experiences in game, are looking for advice on how to handle negative behavior, or want to know more about how the system works or what kind of behavior is expected or punishable, don't hesitate to ask.