So, hi! I'm a toplane main, but I can essentially do all lanes decently. For your sake, I'll talk about every single lane, and what champ works well, and why.
First, I want to talk about toplane. I actually understand why you wouldn't like to play toplane: those champs you listed can be quite cancerous to fight against, and the pressure of your team blaming you for a fed toplaner is horrible. However, if you want a high skillcap champ for toplane who can do fairly well against all those matchups, I highly recommend Darius.
Darius has immense snowball potential, and heavy lane presence. As an incredible duelist, Darius can win most fights, and sustain through many trades in toplane, while having heavy burst.
"But Darius is broken and braindead!"
Surprisingly not as much as youd expect. Darius has 3 main weaknesses: Low attackspeed, extremely low mobility, and execution commitment.
Sitting at around .7 attack speed, darius struggles against certain sticky, lategame champions with high attackspeed, such as yasuo or yi. This problem is mildly solved with AA resets with his w and titanic hydra (if you choose to build it, which has its pros and cons), but he still struggles against high att speed.
He has horrendous mobility, which is fair. He has high burst and high sustain, so it should be difficult for him to get in fights, or difficult for darius to run. Much of mastering Darius is working around his lack of mobility.
Darius has immense dunk damage, yes. However, if Darius struggles in smaller scuffles, like weak bullies. Since his ult damage is increased per passive stack, an enemy doing hit and run to chip away at Darius will inevitably lead to darius losing a 1v1 ( or a 2v1, if he gets ganked). Mastering Darius gets the player to work around this.
Next, the jungle. for carry potential and high skillcaps, I recommend Evelynn and Yi. Both are considered braindead, but they can get mechanically intense.
For Eve, She has high cheese/burst potential. With her new kit, she has so much opportunities. Sure, you could prep your charm on a target, but that lets the champion know you're near. Sure, you could ult, but do you use it to kill them or to run? Should You fight this 2v2, or let that person die 2v1? Eve is meant to play unfair (as she is squishy and mostly single target oriented), but if she gets behind, she becomes virtually useless. A great evelynn will cause entire map presence, and even have the potential to solo kill late game. A good eve will work around her weaknesses, and crush the enemy's will to play the game.
For yi, he's bursty. However, yi is extremely susceptible to CC, which is why Yi dominates lower elos, yet struggles higher elos.
Since yi's main gapcloser is his Q (and his ult, if that counts), yi has to think quite a bit. Does he build tank and have the sustain to live through cc, or does he build damage and depend on his team for peel? This, and many team combos, cause Yi to be smart on his engages and priorities, while working around the enemy's counters.
The midlane. I'd think leblanc, yasuo, ekko, syndra, and zed have high skillcaps and carry potential here. Katerina's damage/mobility gets outclassed by so many other champions that she plays as a midlane support.
Leblanc may have high burst and mobility, but if she gets locked down, she can easily get bursted down. Same as yi, dominates low elo, but high elo, leblanc has to be more picky on her assassinations. Unlike yi, however, since she doesn't use auto attacks, nor is she dps, she has to build AP... meaning she has to adapt to squishiness. A proper leblanc will be able to properly pop a squishy and get out clean, even in a teamfight.
Yasuo. The braindead.
Jokes aside, he loses most trades early game, as he's squishy and....squishy. Lord he's super squishy. Most people look at pros playing yasuo and try to copy that, which is why yasuo has a toxic fanbase.
The key point in yasuo is that just because you can do something doesn't mean you should do it. Sure you could e and poke with q, but would they outpoke you? Sure you could ult off that 4 man knockup, but would you survive the aftermath? Would your team survive? Its proper decision making that yasuo has to work with if he wants to get great.
For zed, its his shadows. Do you use his shadows to poke, or to escape? Lets say you use them to poke, would you survive if you got ganked? Is the enemy likely to counter engage? Same for ekko. Do you dash? Should you use your q to farm, or to poke? Should you ult to do damage, or to run, or to heal? Be passive, or aggressive? Zed and ekko is all about reading your opponents, and predicting their next move(s). Do so and you dominate. Fail, and feed.
Syndra is like darius. High burst, but 0 mobility. Learn to predict opponents, and you'll be rewarded with a kill. Use your cc too carelessly/early, and suffer punishment.
For ADC, twitch, xayah, kaisa, lucian, vayne, and jhin are incredible.
Twitch can make or break a teamfight. 1 solid ult/ ambush from twitch and your team could win a 2v5. However, twitch is extremely squishy (as most adcs) and has a weak laning phase, as he doesn't have much to poke with. He's a very "commit or dont" type of champion that rewards players for learning his damage output.
Kaisa, lucian, and vayne are all about the same. High mobility and dps/burst. Go in at the wrong time and die. Not much to be said here.
Jhin has 0 escapes, but makes up for that with high damage. With his 4 bullet limit, his long range skills, and his kite potential, Jhin plays different than most ADCs. Learn to weave skills around his autos, and learn to play super safe and you'll carry hard.
For Support, Thresh, janna, and pyke are nice.
Thresh: not much to say. Hit hooks, engage, peel, disengage, catching potential, so on.
Janna: Super squishy, but can peel/ disengage with god-tier potential. learn to ult/tornado properly and you'll be the sole reason your adc wins lane.
Pyke: For when your adc isn't a carry. Since his healthpool is limited, you have to be cautious in his playstyle. Hard to play behind, but has carry potential.
Thats just my list for every lane. The main reason darius' reasonings is long is because you didn't want toplane champs, so i figured a super indepth champ guide for top might persuade you. If not, thats fine. Hope this helped!