Right now you have a 41% win rate in ranked. Over you last 20 ranked games you have had a 40% win rate in ranked. Even if you were getting equal LP for a win as a loss you would not be able to climb right now.
As far as why you are getting less LP for a win its mainly because your win rate is so low right now that it has tanked your MMR. Once you get your win rate to around 50% you will start to see that you will get about the same LP for a win as a loss.
My biggest advice to you is you need to narrow and define your champion pool. You've played 36 champions in ranked so far this season over only 111 games. That's WAY too many. You should be looking at only playing 2-3 champions per role at first and you should have specific criteria for when you pick each champions. For example, when I play ADC my 3 champions are Lucian, Miss Fortune and Corki. Lucian is kind of my default ADC, Miss Fortune is the ADC I pick if my team has really good team fighting and Corki is the ADC I pick when my team is very AD focused.