My opinion is to go ahead and start if you are brave enough. You learn best in ranked with the pressure added on. I do suggest that you learn more champions, even champs that you don't necessarily want to learn, just for the sake of knowing the mechanics behind them.
Your skill can be reflected by how many games you have under your belt, so keep at it and you will eventually start seeing improvements.
Ranked solo que is to improve yourself, not your team. Don't worry about what your teammates could have done better (although its a natural thing to do), but do your best to look at what you could have done better.
WARD.
Best word of advice I can give you is to utilize the mute button early on in your life. There are a lot of toxic players out there, and if you're one to get upset easily, or irritated by it, mute button will increase your chance of winning. It would be a shame if someone got turned off from ranked because of the occasional toxic player.