The champion subclasses are missing the mark in major areas.
##Sub classes should be groups of champions that are based on their strengths, weaknesses, damage/support pattern, and primary team role. Some classes do this well, like the distinction between vanguards and wardens, as well as between juggernauts and divers. Then there are battle mages and marksmen, which are not clearly organized based on gameplay factors, but rather on their primary scalings or intended lane. Scaling off of AP, AD, or attack speed should not define a champion's class.
It is more informative to call Vladimir a diver or juggernaut than to call him a battle mage. Meanwhile Azir, Kayle, and Cassiopeia are standing around as ranged DPS champions that are labelled "battle mage" and "too unique to categorize".
Over in Marksman town Jhin and Ezreal are awkwardly being expected to fit in because of the notion that ranged, auto attack champions are supposed to be bot lane and are the DPS. Jace made it into the artillery class, how did Jhin not? When AP ezreal is strong does he become a battle mage too?
##tldr; Don't define classes based on primary scaling or intended map position. It badly informs both player choice and design decisions.