If you land your slow as Cait you can definitely get away even with Vayne's passive. But she's not very strong so wouldn't really recommend.
Sivir can ult and run away. Main idea is to just shove waves as sivir and avoid the 1v1 and go for teamfights instead. She's my favorite pick into Vayne because you can keep her shoved into tower all game since Vayne has really bad waveclear.
Jinx can't win the 1v1 anymore due to her attack speed nerfs so wouldn't really recommend her.
Ashe can hit her with ult and maybe win once she has some items, but early on it won't help because you can't burst her quickly enough while she's stunned and you lose hard after that.
Graves shuts her down real hard in lane and midgame, but loses lategame.
Kogmaw actually does insanely well against Vayne, she gets chunked to about half hp before she even gets into auto range.