I mostly play support and ADC, which means my roles are mostly determined by my teammates. A bad support means my life as an ADC's is harder. A bad ADC means I don't get to make plays in lane any more cause I'll probably just die for them. Bot lane is a balancing act that requires a lot of teamwork from the beginning of the game.
The biggest thing about getting out of Bronze is about punishing your opponents mistakes while minimizing your own. That can be said about every elo, but in Bronze, they tend to make a lot of them. ADCs will solo push waves and over extend. People won't time summoners or expect the level 2 all in. They will rarely ward if they ward at all. They won't look at the mini map. They won't think about wombo combos or creative ways to use your abilities.
Best way to climb, from my experience, is playing something that can punish this lack of knowledge. I climbed from Bronze 1 in Flex to Gold by playing Brand support and Karma support and not being afraid to blow my flash to CC them when I saw the enemy make a mistake.
Farming is the best and easiest way to get a lead in this game from any lane, so I'm going to list a ton about that now.
As an ADC, you need to know how to farm well. Everyone needs to know how to CS, but it is doubly important for an ADC. That is the main goal of having the ADC in the bot lane. The lanes are broken up the way the meta states because top and midlaners scale well with levels and item, whereas an ADC scales with items, hence why ADC and Support share a lane cause splitting the EXP doesn't hurt the ADC that much. You are also there to protect dragon, but let's put that aside. If you can't farm as an ADC, you are sorta wasting a spot on your team (little mean, but that's how important farming is). 15-ish CS is equal to a kill, so if you can have good farm, you may be even with your laner even if they have a kill. Go into the practice tool, don't buy starter items, click on minions to bring up their information tab, and see how low a minion needs to be for you to last hit it. Get an idea of how that looks on their health bar above their head. It will make CSing easier.
Also learn to CS under tower early game. Tower prioritize cannon, melee, then caster. The tower will prioritize the minions closest to the tower first. And towers tend to pick the minions of the edge of a cluster over the ones in the center (though closest minion to tower takes priority). 2 tower shots and 1 auto for melee minions. 1 tower shot and 2 autos for caster minions. 7 tower shots and 1 auto for cannon minions. If you have a good support, they may help you prep the caster minions (or strange health minion), but they may not, so you need to know to do it yourself. Knowing this will help your play defensively and not lose too much CS to the tower.
Also get used to seeing how your minions are attacking the enemy minions. Sometimes minions will focus a higher health minion over a low health one, which makes you end up losing CS cause you have to auto the low health one once or twice to kill it, and your minions end up killing another one cause you didn't notice it was getting low.
Lastly, learn about minion wave management. This could literally be it's own post because of how much goes into it. Look up SoloRenektonOnly if you want more information about it cause he explains it well.
Some terms for managing minion waves first.
An even minion wave is when two opposing minion waves have similar health.
A push is when one sides minions (or champions) kills the enemy minions faster than the enemy can kill.
A freeze is keeping the crashed minion wave on one side of the map by maintaining more enemy minions than ally minions.
A reinforcement wave is the next wave spawning.
When the game starts, an even minion wave is formed at river in all lanes. This is the half way point that will split the map. If an even minion wave forms on your side of the map, it will push to the enemy once the reinforcement wave reaches it no matter what you do. All you can do is push it fast or slow. The same works for a wave on the enemy side of the map. It will push to you no matter what they do, so there is no need for you to over extend for a few minions when you can give up 1 or 2 and then get the other 10 safely. Now, if the minion waves crash on your side of the map and there are more enemy minions (4 ideally) than ally minions, you can freeze that wave there by maintaining that minion disadvantage. The enemy minions will kill off your minions faster, thus keeping the wave on your side of the map and allowing you to CS safely. You must only last hit. If you AOE the wave or auto too much, you can break the freeze. Freezing is much harder to do in bot lane since there are two enemies there to help break the freeze, but it is possible. Last thing is setting up a slow push. Ever see those huge minion waves with like 10 caster minions. That is a slow pushing wave. It is essentially a wave that will auto push (and possibly take a tower) without an ally champion needing to be there. If an even minion wave is on your side of the map, simply kill the enemy caster minions and leave the melee minions. That will stall the wave there but your 6 minions should easily kill the other 3. That will force the next waves to meet on your side of the map again, now with a 6v10 (maybe 12 depending on how many died earlier), again meaning your wave will continue to push. This minion advantage will continue to snowball and force an enemy champion to go down there to stop it or risk it taking a tower. With this push going on in, lets say, bot lane, you can have your team stand near baron and immediately take it the minute you see a champion bot lane.
You don't need a kill lead to win. In lane, if you get your enemy laners low, don't mindlessly push the minion wave to them. Just last hit and let the enemy minions kill off as many of your minions as possible. This forces your enemy to miss CS or risk being killed, which baits a lot of low elo people. If your support is good, they may even zone them from EXP as well, giving you an even bigger advantage. Learning when to push a wave (when the enemy leaves lane, is dead, you are diving, or pressuring an objective) and when to try and freeze (when you are ahead, have an advantage, or trying to catch back up near 2nd tier tower) will help you win your lane match up.
Additionally, manage the wave after getting a kill. If you kill your enemy laner, consider pushing the lane to the enemy tower to deny those minions from them. However, if you are playing a champion with low wave clear, look at the wave and figure out what's going to happen. Is it an even wave? Who's side of the map is it on? How healthy am I/could I die trying to push this to tower? Can I get this wave cleared before the next wave arrives (look at your mini map at where your minion wave is, the enemy wave is mirrored)? If you can push it safely, that is the best scenario, but don't
Personally, I recommend playing support a bit if you play ADC a lot, cause then you can see what your support should/could do and what you should be doing to help them. The early game in bot lane is on the support to set stuff up, however, if you don't try to help them when they engage, that doesn't mean the support is wrong. You should be pushing the wave and be ready to walk forward when you hit level 2, especially as a support with hard CC like Thresh or Nami even. Clearing the first minion wave and the 3 melee minions will give you level 2 in bot lane, so when you are about to clear that last melee minion, start walking forward and hit it as you approach them so you get that surprise level up that they may not expect. Level your ability and it's almost always a free first blood or blown summoner if you can combo together properly. Support is a good way to learn how to out macro the game. As a Soraka, you are never killing someone solo unless they massively mess up, however a Soraka can set up a slow pushing wave and take towers that way.
Understand you can't win some games. I had a game as ADC where I was 10/1 Caitlyn with a 3/2 Thresh, where my top, mid, and jungle were all 1/10. Unless I play perfectly, I'm never going to outplay 3 fed solo laners when my teammates are that far behind. Just accept it and play the best you can, try not to let this game get to you. Same with AFKs or feeders. Just try to let the game go. It's hard, but then maybe you won't carry over that stress to the next game.
Make sure to go to Champion.gg or Probuilds.net to look up how to build the champions you like. Most people are pretty good at this, but making sure you are taking the right items, summoner spells, runes, and masteries helps to maximize your chance to win. Playing with sub-optimal build just means you need to play better to win.
If you really want to get good at this game, I recommend watching someone else playing the champion you want to play. A higher skilled player may be able to teach you something new about your abilities or show you a clever way to use those abilities. Ideally find someone who explains why they are making the choices they are making. I had an enemy Urgot waste his ult to kill me as support Karma because he was "tired of how cocky" I was, even though he could've used it on our ADC instead. No taunting on my part, just me kiting him apparently made me appear cocky and he essentially threw the fight for his team cause he wanted to show me. By knowing my champion well, I tilted the enemy into making a bad decision. There's nothing more satisfying in my mind then someone being tilted because you outplayed them with your knowledge, not your gold lead.
