I had my fair share of playing with adcs that either made bad mistakes, built really poorly, and some that were just in general soggy cookie brains but if my adc is going like 0/4 and im maybe lets say 0/1/1, which support could let me turn around the lane even with the bad adc
is one of the best at all stages of the game. She has obnoxious poke that can't be dodged from nearly a screen away if you make use of her turret plants. She has a great zoning/AoE ult for wombo combos or peel. Her damage vs tanks is overrated by the community though.
is riskier to play than Zyra but with great risks come great rewards. He actually can hurt Tanks a lot as well as 100-0 squishies with a single combo when you get your core items. His ult in the right circumstances is one of the deadliest in the game. His down side with a trash ADC, is that he can't interact with a 1v2 lane as easy as Zyra can.
These champions counter all other supports besides tanks in the current meta and are hard to kill. Other supports can't do anything in lane if you have your method of engage up, period. One hook and they're dead. You are also very hard to gank compared to most lanes, which will likely make the enemy jungler ignore your lane.
So you can stare at each other for the laning phase. It isn't fun, but it gets you through laning phase. Your jungler will be more likely to gank for you as well because again, against non-tanks, engage supports can get some easy kills.
You could also play a mage support, BUT, only if the enemy doesn't pick an engage support. If your ADC is trash and the enemy is an engage support, then you're both going to be crying under tower. You'll be zoned out so fast if the ADC is playing poorly.
EDIT: I just looked at your itemization for Soraka, and it's completely wrong. You can carry a bad ADC as Soraka, but it's a little harder than with the above champions. You have less room for error. However, your build on Soraka is hurting you rather than helping you. I've gotten to Gold playing only Soraka support solo.
There's no reason to ever buy Ludens Echo outside ARAM. Twin Shadow and Banshee's Veil should not ever be consistent buys on Soraka either, especially not first buys.
There's no reason for you to depart from the Ardent Censor + Redemption meta in the games I'm seeing. Your Soraka build should be pretty standard. The only thing you have liberty buying early game is the type of boots you want.
Building straight AP on Soraka is not going to do anything but put you further behind because you don't have burst damage. You already have the tools early game to be a lane bully (albeit less so now that she was nerfed due to top lane), so at least buy Ardent and Redemption first before you go getting creative.
Soraka is a lane bully that transitions into a dedicated healer, so you need healing items.
Finally you should always be buying this 
as soon as you finish your ward quest, and I always buy at least 4 of these 
per game, typically more because I'll be the only one on the team with slot space for it.
i play a lot of adc and from my experience those are the picks for you
if your lane wins those champions will outdamage the adc while being quite safe on their own
if your lane loses... their damage does not fall of as hard as adc's so they can still impact teamfights quite considerably
i think the problem is not the adc but you . i was iron 1 and now i'm bronze 2 with sona :
https://na.op.gg/summoner/userName=benbaxter
the opgg never lies .
sure there will be bad adcs but you also need to work in your support skills because seriously you must :
first : you don't buy control wards and place them strategically
second : you pick grasp of the undying instead of aftershock , grasp is a rune which is useless on alistar since you need good physical damage to make it work and ali doesn't have that , he is a tank initator support , your mission as a tank support is to take hits and disable the enemy with your skills while your adc finish the enemy off . your chances of winning by picking the wrong runes are very low.
third : you never switch your ward trinket to oracle lens once you have your targon wards to remove enemy wards and clear your jungle , baron, drake ,etc.
fourth : you play many champs and different roles , stick to one champ and one role to climb , practice with that champion in normals and then try ranked.
fifth : your itemization with soraka is wrong most of the time.
as you can see , the problem is not the adc , you are the problem as well.
for more info on how to build your champs check these websites :
https://champion.gg/ https://www.op.gg/champion/statistics https://u.gg/lol/champions https://www.mobafire.com/
and watch some replays to watch some macro .
If you need to "carry the lane" with a bad adc, then you need to look into 
I placed in G4 last season so I'm not high up the ladder and haven't done placements yet this year, so take this with some salt, but I've found when I was climbing, in low Elo, being a " carry support" was always a more viable way to climb.
As someone also mention you still need to swap trinket for oracles when you get wards, control wards whenever possible.
Even if your playing a carry support, youre still a support, so it's important to keep those support habits in mind.
I had my fair share of playing with adcs that either made bad mistakes, built really poorly, and some that were just in general soggy cookie brains but if my adc is going like 0/4 and im maybe lets say 0/1/1, which support could let me turn around the lane even with the bad adc
If you are a lot better at finding favorable early trades than your opponents, then most ranged supports will allow you to 1v2 the early laning phase and never give your lane partner a chance to do poorly unless they miss tons of CS despite not being pressured.
I did most of my climb from bronze 3/4 in season 8 just based off finding such good early trades and got to silver 2/3 before I started having to try improving at anything else. I played primarily 
back then. You can go to the tab from my champion stats and check season 8 for my win rates with them.
That said, I had already been good at peeling and warding once out of lane in seasons 5 & 6 (I did not play ranked in 7), but in the time between the end of season 6 and when I started playing ranked again in season 8 I got really good at trading. Then climbing got easy until I got to a level where the number of openings for the trades I was looking for were too few to consistently win lane with them.
Many of the games I did not win back then would have been won if I had a lane partner than understood how to control the minion waves and know that letting the lane push out when the opponents about ~100 HP each and no potions while my partner and I are full HP and my ADC still has their potion is a great way to either deny more CS/XP or get free kills.
As to what I was looking for was one or both opponents to use an important ability thus putting in on cool down, and I was also paying attention to the relative positioning of each champion within the lane. For the former point, it is quite simple. If uses Q, he is then a non factor in the lane for an extended time period. For latter, I recommend watching this video. That is not the one I learned from, but I think it explains it better than the one I first came across the concept in.
sona, a completely monkey can play this walking stat stick horribly designed excuse of a champion
if you are looking for a "carry " support
as you can see its mainly mages who scale or have stupid strong base damages , and then pyke.
pyke works cuz well if he takes the kill the adc still gets gold so its not as bad as other supports " taking" kills
