Here is my thoughts. Riot has focused extremely hard on making every characters kit unique. However. They have done absolutely nothing to ensure that each champion fits a unique gameplay niche, which imo is far more important regarding balance. For example. Take the scirmishers. (I don't have the list so I'm just naming some off)
Yasuo, riven, Fiora, Camille, renekton. They all play the same damn way and they have the samepower curve (barring renekton) split, outscale your opponent in a 1v1 and try for a flank in a teamfight. They all are fairly weak until level six and then start beating their opponent (generally speaking) and they all function extremely well in small fights and rather poorly in large ones.
Ok, so let's break it down then and focus on how we can make them different. (this is purely suggestion, and not intended to have all of these ideas be good. This is specifically ideas to provoke conversation)
Fiora. Lower the percent true damage early and increase the scaling slightly. Remove the aoe heal on ult. Maybe Grant her a burst of healing on procing all her vitals on her ult/killing him. Remove the as slow on w.
Camille. Reduce the true damage on q late game. (this lets her be slightly less effective against tanks while increasing fioras value in those matchups) Grant her some bonus mr/armor for each opponent knocked away with her ult. / Make the duration last longer for each nearby enemy. .75 seconds for a solitary target scaling to 3 seconds with 5 enemies. Make her heal more affective against multiple opponents and less effective alone. (These changes push her into a teamfighting scirmisher. Granting her bonuses for being near enemy champions)
Renekton. Allow him to be the early game bully. But falling off in 1v1s against scirmishers but still able to apply pressure against tanks. I would just buff his early game a bit and maybe tiny buffs to late game.
Riven, honestly I don't want her changed. She is another teamfighting scirmisher. She falls off in 1v1s due to zero armor pen and has a ton of aoe damage. So she could be tuned to fit in wombo compo teamcomps. Maybe the slightest buff to cc while a mild nerf to damage. Idk. She would fit as an engaging scirmisher.
Yasuo. Higher base stats. Lower scaling. Ult single target. Basically pushing him into a midgame Fiora. Single target focused, stronger early game. Weaker late game. A very strong midgame with 100% crit before people get proper defensive stwi Or even if he fit and was balanced around a midgame Camille it would work. He would fall off compared to her.
And then each class should be balanced around that class. As well as the game. And also should be balanced with the idea that each champion in the game is going to have times where they are stronger.
Renekton should have a 55% winrate at 20-25 minutes. And it should drop off to 45 at 30 minutes + and conversely Fiora should have a 45% winrate at 20-25 minutes and raise to a 55 at 30min+
Edit. The point here is that when riot wants every champion to fit the same role and powercurve then we get a point where only 10 champions are viable. And the reason they are viable is because the 10 champions who are slightly better got banned. If you were given the choice of playing either Fiora or a Fiora clone (basically the difference between Cassiopeia and azir, or Fiora and Camille) the one you choose is the one that deal 5 more damage and has 5 more hp. However if you are choosing from early game Fiora who has flat true damage and tons of hp and damage early and falls off. Vs mid game Fiora and late game Fiora. There are actually more choices there.
Edit2 IMHO tp needs to be removed as well. The lack of brain needed in toplane because you just tp whenever there is a teamfight is pretty stupid. Also it removes splitting as a valid strategy because there is no cost to matching a splitpusher.