Tbh..... yes. If only one person on your team is not dying, and everyone on their team is, then yes. It's feasible. Also, the objective is turrets/nexus, not kills/fights, so honestly, sometimes safe works.
Now..... if you mean "Play safe" as in "I don't contribute and afk farm the entire game and do no champ CC or damage......." then NO. That kind of play safe does not win.
If you look at my Pyke games, this is essentially what I'm doing.
I know I can't all in a fight as Pyke. But I don't just wait to R either.
I look for holes in opponent skills, and try to pull unwitting targets into positions they can't escape from. I only E if I know it's going to help me escape, or stun 2-3 opponents with a Flash/W ready to get me out.
I play to NOT DIE, but do as much as I can.
And..... that works. If you can pull a front line tank from a team fight or compromise the opposing adc in a 5v5, it can turn the tide of a fight. I don't necessarily intend to stay in and yolo them until one of us dies. I just want them misplaced.
Now..... if I decided to just split push the ENTIRE game, or farm jungle the entire game..... then no. I wouldn't be appropriately being "play safe Pyke."
I only split push when I know.... my team isn't about to enter some dumb 4v5 they cannot handle. If I see a fight brewing somewhere.... I abandon that and try to set up some decent flank strategy, since Pyke's pretty mobile.
What I think is the most important factor in low elos: Knowing when and predicting when your team is going to do something dumb, and acting accordingly. Sometimes that means getting involved. Sometimes that means putting pressure on the other team that they cannot deny defending (Elder, or go prevent an Inhibitor Push which will take 1-2 Nexus turrets if you try the Elder...... tough choice).
It almost never means "doing nothing." Your team in lower elo responds to "doing nothing" as "you trolling." They don't abstain from a fight just because it's a 4v5. Higher elos see "doing nothing" as "we can't win this unequal fight so we're going to abstain from it."
If you understand that behavior, you'll win a lot more games.
Low elos ALWAYS think a fight MUST happen. They think Baron/Drakes MUST HAPPEN. So..... expect that.... but try not to put yourself in a position helping them that gets you in range to be killed too, if the tide turns. Plan your outs, or how to protect a teammate or two as well so they can get out.
If you revolve your gameplay around playing safe, you also have one other thing going for you:
Opponents will blow their ults/skill combos on YOU. If you have a kit that can get out every time, you put them at an EXTREME disadvantage. For example, I just had a 7/1/16 Pyke jungle game, where the other team just ...... kept trying to Zyra ult, Shen Taunt, Zac ult etc me. They ..... just kept blowing their delayed skills on me..... and I'd just E away. Wasted like 24-28 of their ults in a single game. And then 20-30 secs later my team would engage them, and we'd destroy them, because they only had their basic kits.
I play like this a lot with these champs: 
Generally all can force opponents to waste important skills.... and excel at negating all the damage done. And when these champs are doing well, they dominate by damage/contribution. When they aren't doing well, they still carry their own weight, and can carry by annoying proxy and let their teams do most of the work while they just run away.
I'm not unhappy with a 3/1/16 Karma performance.... when the 16 were me rooting a hard to kill target and setting up my teammates for the elimination. But a 18/1/20 Karma is just as satisfying.
