Playing an ADC is going to be a challenge because they are very team dependent. One way you can get away with ADC without a team is maybe mobility ADC like Lucian, Ezreal, and Tristana basically.
Lucian is difficult to get used to in my opinion, though he offers great burst and with his passive you can keep you relentless pursuit up quite well once mastered (I don't know how to do it but my enemies sure seem to). He can poke from outside his auto range with every ability except his dash (obviously), and he's generally strong all game.
Ezreal is a safe pick ADC so long as you are good at using his blink to gap close/escape as well as kiting your enemies and dodging skillshots. He isn't a DPS ADC but more of a poke ADC, so if you get good at landing those mystic shots then you'll be fine. His Q offers great poke with a sheen item (iceborn gauntlet/trinity force) and combined with muramana can offer a decent burst as well as a global ult for escaping enemies or sniping dragon/baron/buffs.
Tristana is a more of a hyper carry with a gap closer/escape and a self peel magic damage ult. She is great at taking towers due to her Q and E. Her dash also resets on kill, assist, or fully stacking her E on an enemy champion. CSing with her is a bit tricky at first, so you might need to practice getting used to it and try not to panic when the explosion causes you to miss half the wave. However, she has no abilities to poke with. Throwing an E on someone does some damage, but not a ton unless you stack it up. Once stacked though, it offers great burst which, since it delays her damage, can surprise an enemy who thinks they are winning a trade.
Or try utility ADCs like Ashe, Sivir, and Jhin. They all offer stuff outside of their damage that, even if they are behind, are still useful to the team while also offering tons of damage if ahead. All of their ults can help their team get kills even if you are the one dealing the last blow. Sivir and Jhin still have waveclear if behind and Ashe has a perma slow kit for great kiting potential.
Another thing to do is focus the ADCs that are OP right now. Jinx, for example, is really strong with only 2 items and just gets progressively stronger all game. Her mini gun offers great tower taking and attack speed steroid while Fishbones offers great AOE and long range damage. Her passive and chompers though are her only escape abilities, so positioning is key on her yet she requires a semi aggressive play style. Plus her global ult is an execute so, like with Ezreal, you can use it to get kills or steal dragon/baron/buffs while being no where near them.
Outside of the general "use this champ", other knowledge I can offer is learn to play the game. This may sound harsh but people still don't quite get it. Objectives are more important than kills. Killing a tower that will never re-spawn (outside of Azir passive) means loss of map control. Getting the cloud drake, while seemingly useless, means more power if you get elder. Getting a inhib means less pressure on the rest of the map since someone must deal with the super minions or risk losing nexus towers.
CS is crucial on everyone, but especially on an ADC. You need as much gold as you can get as fast as you can get it. If you get kills, cool. If not, try to have more CS than the enemy ADC. I've won games by simply starving the enemy ADC of gold by freezing the lane out of their range and chunking them if they came up to get CS.
Learn to trade properly. ADCs want CS, so they will tunnel on the CS, which is a perfect opportunity to poke. If you can manage to look at your ally minions and see when one is getting low, you can step up and auto them when they go for that CS.
Abuse level 2. After the first wave, bot lane gets 2 after the melee minions are killed. Try to keep the lane even for the first wave but rush killing those 3 minions and be ready to go when the last one dies. Unless you are an Ashe and need to stack up her Q for damage or with a support with no CC, this is a great opportunity to blow some summoners, force a back, or get a kill.
Also learn to play from behind. So many people know the "I must carry the game" type playstyle and go ham constantly despite being at a disadvantage.
If you can't CS cause the wave is pushed, take the Krugs if your jungler isn't in bot side jungle and CS when the waves comes to your side. The enemy just took your tower, freeze until you see them again. If they are mid, push the wave and go mid to help defend. If they come bot, ping for help.
One thing I'd suggest is to play support once in a while. That way you understand their side of the equation too and what your support may expect from you.