I typically recommend people go into normals and play jungle as much as possible for at least a month in order to learn the role, as well as a lot of macro play and to try to help decrease toxicity towards the jungler. Jungle gives the most macro knowledge and game knowledge and has 1 skill that you can transfer into any other role you choose: constantly thinking "what can I do now." While the jungler can just farm the jungle for a little bit, when I'm playing Hecarim, it's not uncommon to see me level 3 run over the enemy mid laner, kill them, push the wave in, and then immediately run bot and try to pick up 2 more kills for my team if the enemy team gives me that option. From there, I can also often chain that into an early dragon. Jungle is also somewhat of an enabler role in that you can enable your teammates to carry you and then just build tanky and let them, like support, however it's also a role that you're able to solo carry from (as I have in the Hecarim games where I've gone 23/5) if you choose to take everything for yourself. If everybody learned to jungle, it would also decrease the toxicity in the game by quite a lot I feel. That's what happened with me. Before I started playing jungle, I was the kind of keyboard warrior that junglers hated to see, but afterwards, I became a lot more mellow and a lot less toxic towards the jungler because I know that he can't be everywhere at once, and sometimes it's a better strategy to just leave the 0/4 Riven to fend for herself against the 4/0 Fiora and hope she stops feeding, instead getting other lanes fed in the hopes that they can carry the Riven. And yes, I did actually have that happen to me, except it was a Fiora doing the feeding to a Riven. Begging for ganks, but I know the Riven is strong enough to 2v1 us and if she does, the gold she gets from me will put her ahead to the point that the Fiora no longer has a chance, even if she suddenly grows a brain and plays that matchup perfectly (if it's not already at that point).
As for which role you should main more long term, it's really all about finding a playstyle you enjoy. Support is weak in general right now because ADCs are pretty weak, but when played well, good supports can keep even the worst ADCs alive or feed even the worst ADCs kills and get them fed enough to carry. I recommend trying out every champion you can in every role you can, or you could become a jack of all trades. I've played since season 1, and the closest thing I got to 1-tricking or maining anything for a while was last season, when I played a ton of Twitch ADC while he was sleeper OP. I've played different champions and different roles for a month or 2 at a time, and have recently returned to the jungle with some Warwick, but Twitch last season was the closest I got to truly "maining" a champion/role in the 7 years I've been playing. I've just, over the years, learned to play nearly anything decently well, though my personal flavor of the month champion is what I'll typically be best at. Now, most high-tier players recommend playing a fairly small champion pool (3-5 champions) across your 2 favorite roles for long term climbing, however, until you find your playstyle, you should play anything you can, and who knows? Maybe you'll like trying out some champions, or some champs that are generally regarded as incredibly difficult but able to outplay anything and be good in any META will just click with you.