You just got counterpicked and you're in a losing lane. What now?
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You lose lane priority, meaning you need to let them readjust the wave as they please.
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This probably means that you're going to be late to helping your jungler with invades, unless they're on your side.
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When you go all in, you have to be mindful of and bait out the particular ability in their kit that counters you.
unless you're top lane that's... pretty much it.
It's at the point in most laning phases that most champions are roughly equal in damage in trades. What's more important is how much free damage they take/allow themselves to take and how they open themselves up to ganks or outplays. You're watching more for specific CDs/kit functions that make the champion scary to face. If Thresh throws his hook he's now open to harassment, whether you're Soraka or you're Morgana. Punish him for his mistake by harassing him or his ADC because he can't all in you for another 20 seconds (in lane), and if they don't put themselves in a vulnerable spot it's not worth trying to harass them (walk up to Thresh when he's in minions, not when you're in one brush in bot lane and he's in another).
I keep hearing people complain about getting counterpicked and, especially in low elo, it doesn't really matter. Counterpicking is about punishing how the person plays around the minions and besides staying behind them to avoid skillshots, nobody really plays well around the minions until d5, minimum. Even in a D3 game I played I won lane hard because my opponent afk shoved lane into LB without forcing her off the wave first, so he's taking free damage and I'm pushing the wave back in his direction almost as quickly as he's waveclearing it.
If you have any more questions about wave management and how to properly play a counter lane I'm doing coaching this summer and my DIscord is Coach Rock#9015