Hey friend!
As someone that came from HotS, Smite, Strife, Tome Immortal Arena. I played all these before I even played this game in the first place.
And I would like to say it took me a total of 3 months in the support only role to learn even the SLIGHTEST bit of this game.
First off HotS: 88 Heros.
League: 147 (about to be 149. in about a month.)
There's a total of 305 (or more since some champions have liek 10 passives. This is just bare bones) abilities extra you gotta learn. Not even cooldowns and such.
So your not "missing" anything other than knowledge. If you see a lot of people in your lower level games "destroying" those are smurfs that are probably gold - challenger making new accounts. Nothing else.
Now, couple things. Gold isn't everything in this game. This game has a LOT of macro play you need to do. Heres something that can slightly help https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8qqgVVlN8I
Now, onto some other points. Your "fear" of gold generation is a good one. However, you'll need to commit a "suicide" lane instead if your not good vs ranged champions.
Lets pretend
into
top (this shouldn't happen, but its an example of easy characters to look up and learn). She has a W that can slow and has aoe dmg. She has an attack speed steroid and slows on her auto and way way way more range then you. So what do you do? 2 things, you can either try to run at her early while shes "weaker" and potentially just die due to greed and minions hitting you and big mess. OR you can "suicide" the lane. Meaning, 0 gold generation.
Instead of the gold you back WAY off and respect the opponent. Even highest elo players refuse to do this tactic and stay way under tower so they NEVER hit you. So they LOSE confidence in how much damage they deal. You wait for towers to do the damage and you last hit.
Pointers under tower:
MELEE: 2 tower hits from FULL hp. Auto (majority of champions will kill it unless they aren't made to farm. Things like enchanters have a problem with this.)
RANGE (NOT THE TANK.): Auto. Turret shot. Auto.
ATTENTION : ALWAYS go for the MELEE minions. 24 gold (or so) is WAY better. Than 14 gold.
Not only that, but throughout the game, the outcome of a fights depends so much on how fed everyone is, that I simply can't keep track of who is strong against who and what I need to do.
This is not a problem friend! Press the tab and look at "Minion kills/score." you could have WAY higher. Or WAY lower depending on the suicide strat and the matchup. Depending on THAT and how many kills they have could mean "oh no they're fed!" probably stay away from that person unless you're committing 5 man rotations to kill them.
Bounties also show if they're ahead as well. (Press tab, golden 150-700 should be there. Thats a bounty due to how fed they are.)
The BIGGEST thing especially this season, is DO NOT DIE AT ALL COSTS. Burn your flash burn EVERYTHING to get out ALIVE. It doesn't matter if you have less items. If you CAN'T die. They get bored and move somewhere else. CS CS CS at this point, freeze or make larger waves to clash under the turret to kill it fast. Get money through plating and destroying the first turret instead.
Now, if you're having trouble with not dying. I suggest going a cheesy build especially when learning. I wish I thought of it when I was.
Try to only use one of these when running away. However Exhaust reduces ALL damage that character does by 40%. And slows them by 30%. Just run away
(This item will basically remove the slow aspect so watch out. However hardly anyone buys this underrated item.)
Obviously is a blink.
And also be careful of the cooldowns.
~~
Now onto some of your questionnaire
Was I one-shot because of that guys' items, or is it just his champ that is good against mine? Would I be able to fight him if I was more fed, or is it a lost cause?
This depends on the champion friend. Items can give LARGE, HUGE power spikes in this game.
A 1050 gold item does basically 100-150 damage to your health after casting a spell and autoing (for the first auto). And this is just one of MANY items in the game. You'll need to tab, and read what your matchup is building and what it does.
MOST champions are as good as any other. With the exception of a lot of champions vs other champions. If you were FED like you killed him and the jungler. Or just his 2-3 times. You "should" always be able to beat him due to the Gold deficit and exp if your wave managing properly. Some games are a lost cause as your match up was countered (Hence why I talked about suicide laning earlier.)
The interface that shows me how much damage I took isn't clear at all, how do I know what dealt the killing blow?
The interface was just reworked. It used to be MUCH MUCH MUCH worse. Like almost a million times worse, anyhow. The death recap is mostly to share what damage type you got delt. Not necessarily "what ability killed me" as through game knowledge you should be able to see "oh this persons Q/W/E/R killed me."
How do I get back in a match if I couldn't farm in the early game? How do I stay in lane against a champion that is more resistant and has more damage than me?
If you couldn't farm. Stay within exp range. Stay ON PAR with levels at ALL times. If hes level 7. You need to be 7. That's obviously without backing and such. Catch-up after you back.
If a champion is more resistant due to buying tank items. Then generally you should understand "what item can go against that...." IN MOST cases.
is pretty strong vs
(any kind of armour item. This is just an example once again.) I would recommend banning
until you learn a LOT more of the game and counters to overpowered and overloaded kits if your playing top.
Though I can't give you picks or bans since I know nothing of what lanes you play other than jungle.
What do I do once my tower is destroyed?
This is a bad case scenario of a good case. Let the enemy teams wave push and push and push. Kill the minions when they're not there. Call for jungler assistance before this happens when you can. If the jungler refuses to listen. Oh well. Generally top laners don't stay after the first turret. You should for gold, exp and items. TRY NOT TO PUSH the enemy creeps past your T1 turret. Keep it in between T2 and T1 by wave management and freezing.
What do I do when I play jungle and the enemy steals my blue buff? It seems like there are zero comeback mechanics, and when we do make a comeback, it's never because of me, it's because someone else on my team is fed.
At the moment, jungle is FARMville. I would recommend not playing jungle at all as a newer player. It's literally one of the worst roles in the game. However, if thats where your favourite champions lie. Then learn jungling.
Now obviously not all champions need blue buff. I would HIGHLY recommend going
blue buff is worthless on her and you go AP instead. She also is a HEAVY drake wanter. (The meta right now is drakes drakes drakes. Don't lose any drakes. You win off drakes.) She has no mana, and has a stacking mechanic for her ultimate instead. Once you learn to manage her it's "easy"
In this case you'll want red buff and to gank a lot when you have that buff and have the hp to gank. Generally her gank timing is level 6 and on. Unless the enemy laner is low and ganging up on them is easy pz. Grab control wards for your red buff so you can ping for assistance while W running over there to protect your red.
Now lets say "they stole my blue oh no! what do I do!" Get gromp and krugs. They're THE BEST exp in the game for the full clear. However Krugs are very "slow" to take. A good path if blue is stolen: Gromp, Wolves, Red, Raptors, Krugs. Check hp. Good? Gank. Drake up? Priority 1 over ganks. Bad? Back. Drake? Priority 1. Jungle up afterwards? Gromp? Krugs? Gank after. (If you went for Krugs, get raptors as well. Or vice versa and gank where you are. Krugs top, Raptors or Wolves mid, Gromp bottom.)
Little tip for jungling. Always Secure Gromp, Raptors or Krugs. Main priority is Drake and Blue/Red.
I'm just a support main, however I do hope any of this helps. I dont know anything about jungle except whats best exp etc. So I maybe blowing things out my but when it comes to jungling management and what to kill in camps.
Hope any of it helps anyway [slayer-pantheon-thumbs]