You've got a LOT of people in this thread trying to tell you how LP works while being completely wrong about the subject... so... let me lay out why this is occurring for you with an ACTUAL answer that is truthful instead of foolish nonsense posted by low level players with a complete lack of understanding.
You gain more LP when playing with a premade for a number of reasons. In large part, your LP gains and losses are affected solely by your MMR relative the the MMR average of the opposing team. If they have a higher aggregate MMR than you do and your team does you will receive slightly more MMR and LP for winning the match than if you and your team has the higher MMR aggregate.
The reason playing as part of a premade can affect this is the following. Playing as part of a premade automatically qualifies your team to be "handicapped" because you have a "communication advantage". This means if you are paired against a team of opposing players with less premade members (or no premade members, a full solo team) the MMRs of the players on the opposing team will be significantly higher than usual to account for the "communication advantage" you have by playing with a premade. Since this handicap process naturally and organically inflates the MMR aggregate of opposing teams it means you will tend to see higher MMR and LP gains for winning according to what we know is true based on the prior paragraph of information. In addition, the MMR level of the player(s) you are premading with has an affect on the aggregate MMR of opposing teams you will be paired with. Playing with a teammate who is significantly lower than you in skill level mitigates how much you are handicapped, while playing with a teammate who is significantly higher MMR than you means the handicap is increased. Naturally this is perspective reliant, as you will rarely ever have two players of identical MMR playing with each other, one (or some) players will always have a "tougher" handicap while another member of the premade has a "mitigated" handicap even though there is still a significant handicap for all members of the premade party.
For players looking to artificially inflate their MMR and increase the rate at which they can climb it is a common strategy to duo with a player who is ranked significantly higher than you are which means you will face much stronger and stiffer competition and the rewards for beating them will be greater. This tends to only work for players who are significantly more skilled than the MMR range they are currently playing in (smurfs, basically) because the handicap applied against you is that significant (your teammates when you do this will suck MASSIVE balls, the opponents will all appear to be seriously talented players) so its an inadvisable strategy for newer players to attempt to artificially inflate their MMR and climb faster.
Hopefully this answer has helped, sadly the majority of other responses in this thread are 100% wrong and I don't want you to work on incomplete and inaccurate information. Information is a valuable tool and you should have the correct information in order to make the best choices possible. Best of luck on the Rift mate.