As much as I agree that games are too short nowadays...
...I don't really think that things like "allow us to surrender at 15" are a good solution.
I say that because people tend to give up too easily. At least on my server. Enemy got first blood/baron? GG. Enemy is 4 kills ahead before 10 minutes? Surrender. We just lost a teamfight and/or got aced? Let's give up because this game is certainly impossible to win.
There are people who give up before the game even starts, during the champion select. This tends to happen a lot when I pick something that is out of meta. "Oh my god, we have an AD Fizz at top lane! This shit is no longer viable. We are not going to win! Let's just give up, the game is already lost."
I fear that if Riot allowed us to surrender at 15 minutes, people would be encouraged to just give up instead of trying to keep playing, holding the game until a point that they can actually become toe-to-toe against the enemy. This can be difficult to do since games are more snowbally, but it's not impossible, and after all, a game is only technically lost when your team loses the Nexus. You never know what can happen between this time.
What I mean to say is: Yes, games are more snowbally, are harder to win when you are behind. But this is still not a good reason to give up, unless the enemy team is 15 kills ahead during the first 20 minutes, your team has an AFK and they got a dragon, I don't think that it's a good idea to give up.