Getting through silver is really about learning what to do with what your given. Like if your fed how to snowball that lead. if your behind, how to come back.
Flaherty is right the main thing in is taking objectives. It can be difficult sometimes, but its not as bad as it may seem.
If your playing adc learning positioning in late game team fights is really important. There are videos on it so I suggest looking those up as I can't describe it and still working on it myself. But what is easy to control is objectives.
You probably have a good idea what to do in lane but what do you do after lane is over? That's what you need to work on.
For me its trying to win lane. If I win lane, great grab turret and head mid. If lose lane, try and passively farm and wait for some ganks or to catch enemy out. Maybe help stop the enemy pushing mid, but usually just always looking for a lane that is pushed that I can push out and safely farm. Really just learning to rotate and clear some safe waves of creeps will help you win a lot of games in silver. Lots of people lose what to do after lane phase and just start sitting mid.
If you constantly rotating to top and bot to make sure those lanes are pushed, the enemy will have those lanes pressuring them instead of being able to use them to pressure your team. When the enemy is pushing a lane learn to sit back and safely clear waves so they can't push without tanking the turret. Once became more cautious of rotating I was able to start more consistently holding a cs lead over my opponent. Also, I make it hard for the enemy team to take objectives if they all group mid since my team is defending that lane and the other 2 lanes are pushing towards their base.
I notice a lot of silver players get in the habit of always going to their starting lane. Like the mid laner will head back mid no matter what instead of farming and pushing out bot lane if their adc is already covering mid. So just be aware of where your team is, where you think the enemy is and always try and cover lanes. It releives pressure on your team, puts some on the enemy, and increases your cs count = more gold and experience.
This is one place to start.